A Simple Guide to Fabric Types for Sewing Projects

Choosing fabric is one of the most important steps in any sewing project. The type of fabric you use affects how a project looks, feels, and holds up over time. Understanding a few basic fabric categories can make it easier to select materials that work well for your plans.

Woven Fabrics

Woven fabrics are made by crossing threads over and under each other. They usually have very little stretch, which makes them stable and easy to work with.

Some commonly used woven fabrics include:

• Cotton: Lightweight, breathable, and widely used for quilting, clothing, and home décor

• Linen: Strong and absorbent, often used for garments, table linens, and curtains

• Canvas: A heavier fabric suitable for bags, cushions, and upholstery projects

• Denim: A durable twill weave fabric commonly used for jeans and jackets

Because woven fabrics are stable, they are often recommended for structured projects and beginner-friendly sewing patterns.

Knit Fabrics

Knit fabrics are created by looping yarns together, which gives them stretch and flexibility. This makes them comfortable to wear, especially for garments.

Common knit fabrics include:

• Jersey: Soft and lightweight, frequently used for t-shirts and casual dresses

• Interlock: A thicker knit with more structure, suitable for garments and loungewear

• Rib knit: Stretchy with visible texture, often used for cuffs and necklines

Knit fabrics generally require stretch needles and stitches designed to move with the fabric.

Specialty Fabrics

Some fabrics have unique textures or fibers that may need extra care.

• Silk: Smooth and lightweight, often used for dressmaking

• Velvet: Has a raised pile and a noticeable nap direction

• Chiffon: Sheer and delicate, commonly used for overlays and lightweight garments

Knowing how different fabrics behave helps improve both the sewing process and the final result.